Annual plants: list of annuals, planting and care

The name of this group of plants speaks for itself: they live for one summer. Their development - from sowing in spring to the formation of new seeds in autumn - lasts one growing season. But over their short life, they become a bright decoration of a personal plot and give flower growers a lot of positive emotions. Counters of specialized stores and Internet catalogs offer a huge assortment of different types and varieties of flower and ornamental crops. How to choose annual flowers for a flower bed depending on their height, structure, placement method, when and how to plant - we will tell you in detail in the article.

Bright “suns” in the flowerbed: marigolds and zinnias

Annual plants are divided into true annuals and conditional ones, which by nature are perennial, but are grown in culture as annuals. These are petunia, snapdragon, fragrant tobacco, etc.

Classification of annuals

In order to choose the right annuals for your flowerbed, you should become familiar with their types, biological characteristics and uses. The following groups are distinguished:

• decorative flowering;
• ground cover;
• curly;
• decorative deciduous;
• dried flowers;
• container

Let's look at each group in more detail.

Decorative flowering (beautifully flowering)

Tall species (1-2 m high), for example, caudate amaranth, three-month lavatera, cosmos, summer delphinium, cleome are used to create hedges, they camouflage fences, sheds, and are planted in the center or in the background of flower beds.

Amaranth caudate leaves and seeds are edible. It is an important food crop in India and South America; in temperate climates the seeds do not ripen

Medium (0.5-1 m high): asters, erect marigolds, zinnia, cornflower, snapdragon, lavatera, statice, eustoma. Medium-sized summer gardens occupy the center or next row of the flower garden. Many of them are very good for cutting, for example, eustoma (lisianthus, Irish rose), beloved by florists.

Eustoma is very capricious: it does not grow well, prefers diffused sunlight, needs supports

Low (25-50 cm): eschscholzia, petunia, calendula, asters, rejected marigolds, verbena, salvia. They are planted in the first, often the second row from the edge of the flower garden, in separate groups; many species are suitable for container gardening.

Verbena can decorate a summer cottage both as part of flower beds and in containers

Dwarf (10-20 cm): viola, alyssum, lobularia, ageratum. Dwarfs are planted in the foreground of flower beds, on hills and rockeries, in flowerpots, pots, and balcony boxes.

Viola is considered a biennial, but if you sow seeds for seedlings in January-February, the plant will delight you with flowers in the year of planting

Ground cover (carpet)

Low-growing, unpretentious plants (no more than 30 cm in height, mostly 10-20 cm), capable of growing quickly and filling space. They grow like a carpet over the soil surface.

Representatives: alyssum, lobelia, iberis, limnanthes, annual phlox, dwarf ageratum, ever-flowering begonia.

Purpose: foreground of flower beds, ridges, borders, filling voids between perennials, including conifers, alpine slides, rockeries.

Long-flowering Limnanthes Douglas gives good self-sowing and after a single sowing is able to please every year, ideal for rocky gardens and borders along paths

Curly

Fast-growing plants with long stems from 2 to 6 m. They cling to the support with the help of tendrils.

Representatives: decorative beans, purple morning glory, climbing kobe, large nasturtium, hybrid, Canarian.

Used for vertical gardening: designing hedges, garden gazebos, verandas, arches, camouflaging old buildings, fences.

Nasturtium Canarian (foreign) is amazing for its flowers and five-lobed leaf shape

Decorative foliage

Thanks to the unusual shapes and colors of the leaves, plants of this group have earned well-deserved recognition among landscape designers and amateur gardeners.

Representatives: amaranths, ornamental cabbage, coleus, kochia, cineraria, castor beans.

Use: borders, ridges, flower beds, mixborders, soliter (single) plantings.

Bright coleus, like elements of a colored mosaic, look especially advantageous in border plantings

Dried flowers

This group includes plants that retain their shape and color for a long time after cutting. Many of them have hard petals, a dry, scaly inflorescence wrapper, and a pubescent stem.

Representatives: helipterum, helichrysum, gomphrena, statice, amaranth, celosia, lunaria, xeranthemum.

Purpose: flower beds, mixborders, ridges, alpine slides; drawing up decorative compositions, winter bouquets.

The homeland of statice (kermek) is Central Asia, so the plant loves the sun, is adapted to poor soils, and does not respond well to waterlogging

Container (potted)

They are distinguished by their compactness, decorativeness, and the ability to constantly bloom throughout the season.

Representatives: petunia, calibrachoa, lobelia, bacopa, Drumond's phlox, allisum, nemesia, low-growing marigolds, dwarf snapdragon. They are planted in pots, flowerpots, boxes, hanging baskets.

Calibrachoa is the closest relative of petunia, strewn with many small (up to 3 cm in diameter) flowers with a yellow or brownish center

Container floriculture is popular not only among those with balconies. From several flowerpots you can create a mobile flowerbed and place it at the entrance to the house or gazebo, on the open terrace.

Nemesia is increasingly winning the hearts of flower growers who are fed up with the popular petunias and lobelias

Unfortunately, the size of the publication does not allow us to show all the photos of annual flowers for the flower bed. They can be easily found on the Internet.

Marigold

for marigolds (Tagetes) in a flower garden, border or mixed border They can also be planted in hanging boxes or containers. Marigolds can grow in any conditions, they are completely undemanding to the soil, and can safely tolerate replanting at any age, even during the flowering period.

Marigolds (Tagetes). © ChristophNRW

These flowers feel best in sunny areas, but can also tolerate light partial shade. When selecting a variety, you need to take into account that different types of tagetes (marigolds) differ in the shape and height of the bush.

Nowadays, three types of marigolds are most often found in garden plots:

• rejected, or French - highly branched bushes from 15 to 50 cm high with double or simple inflorescences;
• erect or African - bushes from 30 to 120 cm in height with a strong stem and a small number of branches; flowers are large, double, of different colors;
• thin-leaved or Mexican - plants with thin branched stems and heavily dissected leaves, 20-60 cm high; spherical bushes are completely strewn with small, non-double flowers of bright colors - lemon yellow, orange, yellow, plain or with a dark center.

Read more about marigolds in the article Marigolds in garden design.

Advantages of flower beds made from annual plants

Gardeners widely use flowering annuals to decorate their plots, as they:

1. They delight with their beauty, brightness, richness of color palette of all possible shades, variety of shapes of single flowers and inflorescences.
2. Capable of continuous flowering from June to October.
3. They provide the opportunity for annual planning, updating, selection of new varieties and complete replacement of the composition of the flower garden.
4. With the help of annuals, you can successfully develop virgin lands - before planting them, every year the soil is dug up, weeds are removed, and enriched. If you immediately plant perennials, such cultivation will be difficult.
5. Undemanding in care.

The main difficulties arise, as a rule, during the cultivation of seedlings: some seeds may not hatch at all or may sprout in small quantities; plants sometimes die at home due to unregulated watering, bacterial, fungal infections, do not take root during transplantation, and suffer from street from returning frosts, which, it would seem, have already passed. But this does not stop avid flower growers. You can always sow or make a replacement by purchasing seeds of other varieties with a later sowing time.

Growing by seedlings allows for earlier flowering

For those who do not want to bother with seedlings at home or do not have suitable conditions (lack of wide window sills, lack of light, which, by the way, can be solved with the help of phytolamps (AliExpress offers the widest selection)), it is easy to buy ready-made seedlings, sow the seeds in a greenhouse or greenhouse, or even straight into the ground.

There are annuals that grow well only by sowing seeds into the soil in early spring or autumn. Such plants do not tolerate transplantation well due to the sensitivity of the root system.

Care instructions

In dry weather, timely watering is important, but water should not get on the buds. Watering is best done in the evening or in the morning. It is necessary to loosen the soil in a timely manner, remove weeds, remove wilted flowers, otherwise the flowerbed will look untidy. Feed the plants 3-5 times a season. The soil is mulched , this will help retain moisture at the roots and prevent the growth of weeds.

Annual ornamental plants will help create an excellent living garden, fill it with rich colors, and fit perfectly into many styles of landscape design.

Landing dates

The optimal timing is calculated depending on the region and method of cultivation. We summarize the recommendations for flower growers in central Russia in the table:

In the northern regions, Siberia, and the Urals, sowing seeds for seedlings and, accordingly, planting in open ground are shifted to a later date

Climbing annuals

Anyone who loves flowers knows how difficult it is to live without climbing plants. With the help of vines you can hide unsightly places that exist in every household.

These climbing plants can turn an ordinary fence into a green hedge. They will add a special charm to an ordinary dacha.

Here are blooming annual flowers that will become lush vines in your garden:

• Morning glory - this unpretentious flower can grow up to 3 meters in height;
• Sweet pea - it will not reach the same heights as morning glory, but its flowers will delight you from July until frost. In addition, its flowers do not fade under the most scorching rays;
• Nasturtium - yes, nasturtium can also be considered as a climbing vine of a very noble appearance;
• Kobeya is a very unusual and beautiful flower. However, you need to remember that it should be planted as seedlings.

Rules for placing plants in a flower bed

For joint planting, it is necessary to select crops belonging to a single ecological group with the same requirements for environmental factors. Light-loving - in a sunny place, shade-tolerant - in the shade. Most of the plants listed above are light-loving. Shade-tolerant plants include: begonia, balsam, mimulus, nemophila. Lobelia, petunia, marigolds, and nasturtium tolerate partial shade.

In an attempt to diversify your flower garden, it is not advisable to chase the number of varieties . For a small flowerbed, 2-3 types will be enough.

choice of color combinations plays an important role in creating a beautiful and harmonious composition . When planning, you can rely on the color wheel.

The following triads are commonly used: red-yellow-blue, orange-green-violet. Transitions from one color to another also look good, for example, yellow, light yellow, yellow-green, yellow-orange. It is better when the color intensity increases from the edges to the center of the flowerbed: light pink, pink, light red, red in the center

Flowers in neutral shades of white, gray, black (dark purple, maroon) are widely used in landscaping to soften contrasts.

Lilac petunia, purple verbena with a white eye and snow-white lobelia - simple, elegant, harmonious!

The height of the plants should decrease evenly towards the edges of the flower bed. Tall ones are placed in the center or in the background. Strong differences in levels should not be allowed. So, in discount gardens, the height of the tallest flowers should be from a quarter to half the width of the flower bed itself. In the foreground they create a small border of low-growing plants.

Tall flyers are planted less often than short ones. Low-growing species are better adapted and look more impressive in a dense planting. The manufacturer always indicates recommendations for placing plants and the distance between them on the back of the seed bag.

Iberis

Iberis , or Iberian, is a low, compact plant that blooms profusely almost all summer. In total, there are about 40 representatives of this genus, including both annual and perennial species. The homeland of various types of Iberis is considered to be the mountainous areas of southern Europe and Asia Minor, the mountain slopes of the Crimea, the Caucasus, as well as the lower reaches of the Don.

Iberis, or Iberian

This unpretentious plant is often used to decorate ridges and alpine slides. It can also be used to decorate rocky retaining walls and dry slopes.

Now in our gardens you can find two types of annual Iberis - bitter and umbelliferous. The height of plants usually does not exceed 30-35 cm. There are varieties with white, pink, lilac and carmine inflorescences. Annual Iberis bloom longer and more abundantly than perennial ones; their flowering lasts up to 1.5 months.

Read more about growing Iberis in the garden in the article Simple secrets of caring for Iberis.

Beauty and versatility: options for using annuals

In the garden, flower beds are often made consisting of annual plants of the same species, for example, marigolds.

The center of the border is occupied by thin-leaved marigolds, on the sides - low-growing upright

Marigolds (tagetes) in many countries are valued as a seasoning, a medicine, and are used on holidays and during religious ceremonies. Essential oils released by plants repel insect pests and kill pathogenic soil microflora, so they are recommended to be planted among vegetable crops.

It is better to select annual flowering and decorative deciduous flowers for the flowerbed. Their combinations allow you to create spectacular compositions.

A simple square flower garden with marigolds, silver cineraria and lobelia erinus bushes around the perimeter

An interesting option is a polygonal flower bed on the lawn.

White snapdragon in the center, then a row of purple petunias, alternating marigolds and cineraria around the perimeter

To create complex flowerbed compositions, you must first draw a plan on paper, and when planting seedlings in the ground, use markings: it is convenient to “draw” them using thread and pegs.

The background is created by summer dahlias, in - kochia; “petals” of lilac ageratum, white alyssum, marigold, with cineraria around the perimeter

Annuals are a real lifesaver for filling the voids between perennials in regular plantings. They can be used to decorate borders around the perimeter of buildings and along garden paths.

White alyssum copes with two tasks at once: it limits the flowerbed and emphasizes the beauty of the main accent - blue spruce and blooming roses

Designers love to create interesting compositions using stone, wood, household items and other available materials. Why not use their ideas at your dacha?

A blue scattering of lobelia, double petunias, marigolds and gatsanias in pots are combined into an original composition with elements of country house equipment

Caring for annual plants is easy. They require timely watering, weeding, fertilizing with ready-made mineral fertilizers, loosening, and removal of faded flowers and inflorescences. Some species (lobelia, petunia, alyssum) love pruning and respond to it with a new, long wave of flowering. Usually they are pruned in mid-summer, shortening the shoots by a third, or even more.

Gazania

This beautiful, spectacular flower, similar to a large bright daisy, has recently appeared in our gardens. Gazania , thanks to its unpretentiousness, very quickly won the love of gardeners.

Gazania. © Viv

Unlike zinnia, gazania is not at all afraid of frost. With the onset of autumn cold weather, it seems to gain a second wind, blooming more and more new inflorescences. This flower looks good in containers and single plantings. Gazania can also be planted on alpine hills, since it requires almost no watering or fertilizing.

The only condition that should not be neglected when growing gazania is the correct location. Its flowers open only in the daytime and only under good lighting conditions. Therefore, for planting gazania, it is recommended to choose sunny areas with loose, permeable soil.

Gazania is a perennial plant that is grown as an annual in our latitudes. It can be easily grown in seedlings, and it is not necessary to use lighting. The sooner you sow the seeds, the sooner you can admire its beautiful flowering. If desired, gazania bushes can be stored in a cool room until next spring, and then planted again in the flowerbed.

What other annuals, besides gazania, can be preserved until spring, read the material 12 annuals that can be preserved in winter.

Perennial forage grasses

Perennial forage grasses are herbaceous seed plants that have a lifespan of more than one year. Grown for livestock feed.

The culture includes more than 50 plant species. They are most often sown in the form of a grass mixture, which has a positive effect on the quality of feed and soil fertility. They also sow pure crops and create cultivated pastures outside of crop rotations.

In the first year of life, perennial grasses develop rather slowly, become overgrown with weeds and can produce low yields. Therefore, it is recommended to sow them after grain or row crops, in soils fertilized with composts or manure.

Perennial forage grasses are also divided into:

• Poagrass (cereals). The most common: timothy, awnless brome, perennial ryegrass, wheatgrass, tall ryegrass, meadow bluegrass, multi-cut ryegrass, rootless wheatgrass, cocksfoot, white bentgrass, meadow and red fescue, foxtail and others.
• Leguminous herbs: alfalfa, white clover, red clover, pink clover, sainfoin, horned lamb.

To create a highly productive grass stand, it is necessary to comply with the main agrotechnical methods of cultivating the crop.

When to plant annuals for seedlings according to the 2022 Lunar calendar

Experienced gardeners have long identified the relationship between gardening and the cycles of the moon. It is believed that there are more and less suitable days for performing certain procedures, and this also applies to growing seedlings. Thus, the timing of sowing annual flowers for seedlings according to the 2022 Lunar calendar:

• Favorable days for the procedure: in January: 1, 10, 11, 15, 16, 19, 20;
• in February: 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15;
• in March: 10, 11, 15, 20, 21, 24, 25.

• Unfavorable days: in January: 2, 18th;
• in February: 1, 16;
• in March: 2, 16, 17, 18, 31.

Winter and the first half of spring are the so-called rest period for summer residents and avid gardeners. For many of them, such holidays are a blessing, an opportunity to recuperate and take a break before the new season. But also many gardeners and florists really miss gardening, and growing seedlings is a great opportunity not only to get good and strong seedlings of annual flowers, but also to do what you love without leaving home. An important task is not only the process of planting and growing, but also the choice of crops. I hope you found some options that suit you on this list.

Forbs

This group includes all other botanical plant families. Forbs are forage meadow grasses, which can sometimes make up up to 60-70% of the grass stand. Most of them are of great economic importance. Plants from this group are more nutritious than cereals, but most of them are much worse eaten by animals due to their bitter taste, thorniness, pubescence, etc. A small content of forbs (mantle, dandelion, caraway, etc.) in the grass stand (up to 20%) - a desirable admixture, since it helps improve the mineral composition of feed and its palatability by livestock.

A large number of grasses of this group in grass for hay use is extremely undesirable, because:

• it displaces more valuable legumes and cereals;
• among the forbs there are many weeds (field bindweed, yellow thistle, etc.) and poisonous (poisonous buttercup, hellebore, poisonous weed, aconite, etc.) plants.

Alfalfa

This is a perennial forage grass of the legume family. It is used both as green fodder and to produce high-quality hay. Alfalfa seeds are also used for medicinal purposes. The culture improves the structure of the soil, and also enriches the soil with nitrogen and destroys weeds . It is characterized by high drought resistance and winter hardiness. It can survive in grass for up to 10 years or even more. After mowing it grows back slowly.

This forage grass prefers chernozems, forest-steppe loams, brown and chestnut gray soils and other lime-rich soils. Alfalfa does not grow well in waterlogged and heavy clay soils.

This plant contains many vitamins and protein. It is well digested by herbivores. Alfalfa seeds are sown both in pure form and in the form of a mixture.

Clover white

Grows well in sandy, loamy, slightly acidic or neutral soils. In the first year, the grass (clover) is able to bloom and produce seeds. In the second year of life, full development occurs. It can grow in one place for up to 9-10 years.

Grass (clover) is moisture- and sun-loving, frost-resistant. It grows best in regions with a humid, cool climate where there is no drought.

Seed white clover is an excellent forage plant containing a lot of protein. Trampling by livestock during grazing does not depress the plant, but, on the contrary, promotes its better growth. Planting this legume improves soil fertility. Its inclusion in a grass mixture with timothy, ryegrass and other plants helps to improve the feeding quality of pasture grass - the content of protein, phosphorus, fat, calcium, potassium increases and the level of fiber decreases. The yield of green mass in meadows is about 60-120 c/ha, about 18-35 c/ha for hay, and 3.0-5.0 c/ha for seeds.